How to Choose the Right Aircraft Inverter Based on Calculated System Load

An aircraft inverter is a common electrical component of aviation electrical systems, responsible for converting direct current (DC) from a battery or generator into alternating current (AC). This AC power is necessary for operations, as everything from lights and fuel gauges to motors depends on this specific current for functionality. In this blog, we will explore common types, how they work, and how to choose the right option for your aircraft based on calculated system load.

Inverters transform current through a number of means based on their type, generally relying on H-bridge circuits, transistors, transformers, and other such components to rapidly switch the direction of a DC input until it obtains the oscillating flow of AC. Static and rotary inverters serve as the two primary categories, each one offering distinct advantages and uses. As such, it is key to understand their respective designs and features to ensure that you select properly for your aircraft’s needs.

With a static inverter, solid-state electronic components will be used to convert current into an AC form. These particular inverters are well-known for offering simplicity, reliability, and low maintenance requirements, as they do not have moving parts that can wear out over time. They are also quite combat and light, which makes them ideal for weight-sensitive applications. In terms of aviation use, static inverters are most often relied on for powering avionics, lights, and other similar electronics.

On the other hand, a rotary inverter will convert DC to AC through mechanical means. To do this, it will typically consist of a motor and generator combination. As DC power runs the motor, it will drive a generator to create AC power output. Although rotary inverters are bulkier and require more maintenance than static inverters, they are often used in older aircraft or in situations where higher power outputs are needed. They can also provide a smoother and more stable output under certain conditions, making them suitable for sensitive systems.

When selecting between both options, one of the most important factors to consider is what is known as system load. This term refers to the total electrical demand of all devices and systems that the inverter will be supplying AC power to, where the chosen inverter must be able to handle demand without becoming overworked. To calculate the system load, one should first identify and record all items that will draw power from the inverter. Each device will have a specific power requirement or draw, typically measured in watts. By adding up the power requirements of each device, you can obtain a fairly accurate total power load.

Once you have calculated the total wattage, it is important to account for some additional factors as well. First, you should add a safety margin to ensure that the inverter is not operating at its maximum capacity all the time. Generally, a good rule of thumb is to add an extra 20-30% to the total system load in calculations to offer room. Selecting an inverter with a power rating that exceeds this load will ensure smooth operation even during fluctuations, as well as facilitate future expansion.

Understanding the type of devices that will be powered by the inverter is also crucial when making your selection. This is because some inverters are designed for specific equipment like avionics, while others may be more suited for running motors or lighting systems. As such, ensuring compatibility prior to making any major investment is crucial.

Finally, circuit protection is another factor to consider when choosing an aircraft inverter. The inverter must be adequately integrated into the aircraft's electrical system, including having the proper installation of appropriate circuit breakers and fuses. These safety components protect the inverter and the aircraft's electrical systems from overloads or short circuits, ensuring that everything remains safe and operational during flight.

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